Soil

We don’t read soil off a generic table. Any number for a farm comes from its own sample; the figures on this page are global context, with source and year. We work worldwide from La Palma de Cervelló (Barcelona).

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Diagnosis Organic matter It is the living reserve that holds water and feeds soil biology. A farm’s percentage comes from its own sample, not a global average. Worldwide, human-induced degradation falls mostly on farmland. Organic matter is also stored energy: carbon and carbohydrates the plant fixed from sunlight, which soil microbes turn into humus and nutrients. FAO, SOLAW 2025. More than 60% of that degradation is on cropland and pasture. The bar is that share, not one farm’s organic matter.

Diagnosis Microbiology It tells you whether life is working the material or the soil has stalled. You look at the sample — the tube, the plate or the soil in your hand — not at a catalogue count. Fungi and bacteria live in symbiosis with the root: they receive sugars and return water, minerals and nitrogen. FAO, State of knowledge of soil biodiversity, 2020. Soils host more than 25% of the world’s biological diversity.

Diagnosis Minerals A truck unloads rock dust. Of the plant’s 18 essential nutrients, a healthy soil supplies 15. On each farm, the analysis shows what is in excess, what is missing and what is locked up. The dose doesn’t come from a chart. FAO, World Soil Day, 2022.

Diagnosis Compaction The clod tells you whether air, water and roots can get in or the soil is sealed. You read it in each farm’s profile. We don’t publish compacted areas or yield losses. FAO, Status of the World’s Soil Resources, 2015. Compaction is among the main soil threats. This page gives no hectare figure.

Diagnosis Biodiversity It tells you who lives in that soil. The earthworm is the sign you can see. The global index of threatened species is no substitute for a farm census. Indicator plants and insects complete the picture: what grows and flies there on its own shows whether the soil is sealed, waterlogged or out of balance. IPBES, Global Assessment, 2019. Around 25% of assessed animal and plant species are threatened.

pH scale

Acid7Alkaline

Indicative scale: the real value comes from the sample.

Diagnosis pH It tells you whether the soil is more acidic or more alkaline, and so which minerals remain available. There is no poster-perfect pH: what counts is the reading from each field.

Redox scale

Reduced·Oxidised

Indicative scale: the real value comes from the sample.

Diagnosis Redox It tells you whether the medium is more oxidised or more reduced, and so how the soil breathes. What counts is the potential in each reading, not a value copied from a handbook.

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